Highlining leash.

Highlining leash . Welcome to /r/slackline! Post pictures, stories, new locations, beginner guides… Mar 11, 2025 · If you visit Switzerland to go highlining – which we clearly recommend – we ask you to stick to the rules. All known deaths in highlining and waterlining were primarily self-inflicted. Choose from a variety of rings paired with May 18, 2025 · The BC Coroners Service is investigating the death of a young woman who fell while highlining. But it is the safest and healthiest freestyle sport out there. There are a few ways to make a leash redundant, each with their own benefits. There are ways to consolidate the leashes so that they act as one, but this just makes the leash a lot Threaded Highline Leashes are the standard leash used on highlines around the world. The leash is crucial for safety, as it helps prevent the highliner from falling off the Mar 12, 2024 · What the heck is highlining, how do you do it, how does one get into highlining, how the heck do you get those lines across. (Photo: Max Haimowitz) Here Dickey is perfectly balanced and using only an ankle leash while in Leash. Savoir remonter sur leash: Et oui, une fois tombé, suspendu au bout du leash sous la highline, il faut savoir remonter pour attraper la highline et revenir au point de départ en toute autonomie ! Redondance humaine: Toute personne souhaitant traverser une highline doit avoir validé/vérifié elle-même l’installation. Your leash should at its core be a length of dynamic climbing rope. Tu peux choisir le matériau de l'anneau: acier ou aluminium forgé et le diamètre qui convient le mieux àton activité. It is a great challenge and a slackline discipline in which the mental game and mindset are far more important than technical and physical ability. Aug 14, 2017 · Highlining is slacklining (balancing on a piece of flat webbing) at a height where a fall would result in death or serious injury, and a harness and safety leash are used to prevent that. The SLACKTIVITY threaded Highline Leash may or may not include one or two certified highline rings. Other Components Included in the Highline Set The knowledge in highlining has rapidly developed over the past years. A rope wrapped in a protective polyamide sleeve, tied to a ring it creates the safety rope for highlining called a "leash". Highlining là đi thăng bằng trên dây chùng xuống ở độ cao nhất định so với mặt đất hoặc mặt nước. Highlining means experiencing pure emotions, sometimes fear and adrenaline. Our instructors are up to date and some even leading the development of the sport. Do you have the goal of highlining? Ratchet Kit. We recommend sending a 50 meter line on the ground as a minimal preparation. Mar 7, 2021 · HowNOT2 CourseHow to Use a Highline that is Already RiggedGoing to a highline festival? Meeting up with some highliners that invited you out? If you get the chance to go highlining your first time, make sure it's a good experience and prepare by taking this free course. The slackline itself is backed up with a rope. 60MM CLASSIC - ANNEAU DE LEASH EN ALUMINIUM. All safety relevant components of the highline must be secured twice (redundantly). Toute personne doit I use a climbing rope but webbing works too. Checkout SLACKTIVITY's webbings, Hangovers, leashes and weblocks, approved for highlining setups and practice. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the 6 days ago · A 22-year-old Canadian woman died on Saturday after a highlining accident at Chek Canyon north of Squamish. “Finally, how to use the highline that is already set up” 2nd Logistics videoLogisticsEpisode 6 & 7This is a free course shows you how to use a highline that is already set up. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the sport Before you really go highlining it is useful to exactly know how to climb the leash again after a leashfall. information about air safety guidelines. Learn how to use your hangover/rollex/lineslide before you go on a highline. Leash. Na fita de In highlining it is not only balance that matters. The ISA stresses safety checks and proper training in the wake of this heartbreaking accident. Highlines are commonly set up in locations that have been used or are still used for Tyrolean traverse. Feel comfortable with any one of SlacklifeBC safety leashes. In Frankreich und Deutschland ist Highlining besonders populär. As a main line the pinkTube or LSDTube are a great choice. g. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Highlining: A Pure Expression of Freedom The Highline Leash kit is a the standard highline leash you can trust your life with. ROLLEX moschettone con carrucola, VORTEX anello speciale, tanti anelli forgiati, leash, imbraghi e tutto il materiale per chiodatura. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it's important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. The leash should attach to the line by a solid, rated, ring (or two). Mar 19, 2019 · The leash is a rope threaded through webbing (everything in highlining is redundant). Protégée par une gaine en polyamide et noué à un anneau, c'est la longe de highline. Highlining has a bigger barrier to entry just to start out compared to other sports. Feb 23, 2021 · Many people who see a highliner on a highline for the first time, think that the forces in highlining are very high, especially when falling (leash fall). ABSOLUTELY NOT a carabiner. Le DYNAMIC a deux coutures des extrémités pour fixer la gaine à la corde. The outdoor community mourns and urges caution. Jan 30, 2024 · Highlining is a slackline discipline that is practiced at great heights, between mountains, buildings, bridges or other elevated structures. LEASH - the rope with safety ring for HIGHLINING. To protect themselves against life-threatening falls, highliners double up the webbing with a second system (rope or another webbing – principle of redundancy) and attach themselves to those two systems with a harness, safety rope (leash Bomber Highline Leash Kit; Abrasion protection; Apparel. Webbings, weblocks, Hangovers, leashes and more gear. With personalized coaching based on your ability, you can practice a variety of techniques such as leash-falls, climbing the leash, mounting the line, and overcoming mental barriers. A leash is the connection between the highliner and the slackline. Get peace of mind by using the 44kN 100% proof loaded steel ring and SlacklifeBC leash rope as your highline leash. It is lightweight, strong, and has a really smooth surface to prevent any damage to your line. Bu disiplinde, 'leash' (güvenlik halatı) ve 'anchor point' (sabitlenme noktası) gibi hayati önem taşıyan terimler yer alır. Nhiều vận động viên chùng Nov 8, 2024 · Unter Highlining versteht man das Slacklining in einer Höhe von mindestens 30 m über dem Boden , gesichert mit einem Klettergurt und einem Sicherungsseil (Leash). Light, durable, smooth and easy to climb, trust in SlacklifeBC threaded leashes! In highlining I found a sport that still perfectly fits the freestyler inside me. As with everything dealing with highlining, a good leash must be redundant. May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Often the progress is slowed down by fears of height, not understanding the dynamics of the highline, fears of being caught in the leash, etc. Certified for highlining by the ISA. Get used to sitting on the line as well as scooting around on it. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the sport Given these numbers, highlining represents a low risk of serious injury or death, especially compared with other outdoor sports (mountain biking, for example). Drop-forged Rings are guaranteed strong making them ideal for highline leashes as well as a variety of other applications. Highliners almost always wear a harness and leash so that a fall involves only a small swing in open air with. In case that you have never tried and you want to learn basic skills to get ready for that adventure, then you should definitely check the following section: How to get ready for Highlining: Basics and Recommendations Nov 19, 2015 · Avoid unnecessarily long leashes to avoid tangles and loops in the leash Push the leash ring(s) away from you before standing up Beginners may wish to wear shoes and gloves to prevent toe and finger injuries Read Highlining ­ The 10 most important points! Remember! Oct 15, 2021 · Highline LEASH. Shooting from the hip. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Sep 4, 2019 · Probably the most soloed highline of all time. Every single ring is preload tested to 6kN and is ISA:37 certified as well. Highlining: A Pure Expression of Freedom LEASH, la longe avec anneau de sécurité pour HIGHLINER. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Mar 3, 2017 · Highlining naked with the leash tied to your penis, so if you fall, you’re castrated as you die. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the As tricks start to become more common in highlining, so too does getting hit by the leash rings. Anything wrong with a sling prussik for a leg loop and ascender to work your way up the rope, (step up on leg loop, using ascender for stability, hang on ascender by hand or fifi in, slide prussik, repeat) then fifi or something into the bolt while your partner takes up slack. If you are a Highline Beginner or an advanced highliner we have some tutorials to offer. Slacklinin­g involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while highlining is a version of the Don't choose the bush with a 3" diameter trunk or the boulder that you can move by pushing on it. I've highlined for 9 years and I still prefer highlining in a more private setting. Jun 29, 2022 · VORTEX is the first clip and go connector of leash and highline. This can be very dangerous with steel or even unpadded alumi May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Podstawowe zabezpieczenie to: 1) Backup – taśma lub lina, która jest zawieszana pod taśmą główną, na wypadek jej zerwania i posiada osobne mocowania; 2) Ring – obręcz obejmująca taśmę główną i backup; 3) Leash – lina łącząca Sep 27, 2024 · Hier sind einige kulturelle Fakten über Highlining. Anneaux de leash 60mm en aluminium forgé Anneau de leash Ultra light, forgé à chaud pour une résistance optimale, anodisée pour augmenter la résistance à la corrosion. It is not advisable to use your outdated equipment or equipment remnants for backup. Two out of three people killed in tricklining were uninvolved bystanders and the sole longline death was a slacklining person, but not on the line at the time of the accident. Seabrooke walked “The Itus”, a 64 meter long highline rigged 290 meter above ground across the Chief North Gully in Squamish, British Columbia. Simply thread the leash through our VORTEX, During dynamic movements like in highlining, there is ISA Certifyed highline Gear. He wanted a clean send with the leash—to walk across without a single catch. It is a great challenge and a kind of slackline in which the mental and mindset are far more important than the technical and physical ability. The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it's important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Dec 13, 2022 · Highlining is a potentially dangerous sport. The rope must be anchored a way that it would still hold if the anchors of the Jan 28, 2016 · Her progress in the sport has been spectacular. No Abrasion - Abrasion is the most dangerous thing in highlining. This leash stays strong, soft and flexible for many months. “Look good, feel good, safety third” SafetyEpisode 3 of 7This is a free course shows you how to use a highline that is already set up. 9mm gainé par une sangle tubulaire LEASH LINE de 20 m en polyamide. I tie the leash to my rings that are attached to the highline and tie the other end of the leash to my harness. The Involved Highline Kit includes everything you need to set up a safe highline slackline. For sure go highlining with Sam if you can and ask him to analyze your falling style. Even people free of vertigo fight their instincts here. Kit Includes: 1 x SlacklifeBC Threaded Leash; 2 x 5000lbs Proof-loaded Ring Threaded Highline Leashes are the standard Apr 2, 2023 · A high-quality harness is essential for a safe and comfortable highlining experience. Hattın düşüşlere karşı hoşgörü sağlaması ve . Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the 32 votes, 15 comments. 3. The International Slackline Association (ISA) said the fatal fall happened after she “forgot to re-tie” her safety leash, resulting in an 80-metre fall. "Our sincerest condolences go out to the family and the local community—this is a trying and difficult time for them so please show them respect and give them your support where possible," the ISA added. Most highliners (including myself) like to thread their leash through webbing for redundancy and extra protection from wear. Be sure to begin at the TEXTBOOK and at the end of each episode we'll point you to May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Many slackliners consider highlining to be the pinnacle of the sport. Highlining-Wettbewerbe und -Shows ziehen oft große Zuschauerzahlen an. 6 days ago · A 22-year-old Canadian woman died on Saturday after a highlining accident at Chek Canyon north of Squamish. 6 days ago · The associatio­n says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it's important for slackliner­s to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the May 21, 2025 · The International Slackline Association says a fatal fall near Squamish, B. seduti come il ‘chongo mount’, la tecnica di risalita del leash e la tecnica di rotazione necessaria per riportarsi al di sopra della fettuccia partendo da posizione appesa devono essere padroneggiate. It is attached to the harness and the slackline and is designed to absorb shocks and tensions. Whipper. 6 days ago · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. He walked the Itus with the leash again, with a few falls. , on Friday happened after a woman "forgot to re-tie" her safety leash, resulting in an 80-metre fall. We are not responsible for your activities and decline any responsibility. Beim Highlining erlebt man pure Emotionen, manchmal auch Angst und Adrenalin. On some spots we’ve added camping rules. There's no top rope version of this Threaded Highline Leashes are the standard leash used on highlines around the world. Jun 28, 2024 · When you start highlining, you normally have the one and only goal at the beginning, which is, to stand up and walk. Man highlining at Taft Point in Yosemite National Park with El Capitan in the background. Dec 28, 2022 · Here you can find a lot of useful lessons to learn highline . May 18, 2025 · The BC Coroners Service is investigating the death of a young woman who fell while highlining. Todos os componentes de segurança relevantes dos highlines tem que ser duplamente assegurados (redundantes). Two 100% proof load tested, 5000lbs (22kN) rated drop forged rings and SlacklifeBC Threaded Leash will provide flexibility and safety need. Learn how to safely and effectively walk the slackline high above the ground. Dokumentarfilme und Fernsehberichte haben zur Popularität des Highlinings beigetragen. Before you begin, always “buddy check” your leash knot because improperly tied leashes are the primary cause of accidents and reported highlining deaths. But Friedi Kühne was the first one to stand on it in full exposure, facing the 1000m depth to the valley botto May 18, 2025 · The post stressed that forgetting to tie into a leash is the number one cause of death in highlining. Waterlining: Su üzerinde slackline yapmayı ifade eder. 100m had been a huge, challenging distance for me, and even the world record WITH a safety leash just a few Mar 5, 2021 · Climb a leash by flipping upside down, putting a foot, thigh or shin on the leash, then reaching over to pull yourself up high enough to grab the highline Practice mounting (going from underneath to on top) on a slackline that is high enough that you don’t hit your back on the ground when you hang underneath. An Edelrid climbing rope with an additional mantle around. The knowledge in highlining has rapidly developed over the past years. Leashes are constructed of 4m of 9. The most redundant, but heaviest way to do it, would be to use two independent leashes. Be sure to begin at the TEXTBOOK and at May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Oct 6, 2017 · While walking a 100+ meter highline leashless has been on his mind for a while, Kühne says, "Free solo highlining is still something that is kind of spontaneous and in the moment for me. Before we dive into the highline Freestyle tutorials, let’s talk about the rig. When rigging Rollex, Vortex, leash e tutti i migliori dispositivi di sicurezza per highlining In questa sezione dello shop troverai tutti i migliori dispositivi dedicati alla pratica della Highline . Moab business owner Faith Dickey spent years building her profile as a professional highlining athlete. If all other things are considered and you Knowing you are safe is a big part of highlining. If you want to know more about the Highline Leash, click here. In August 2014, he hosted the second annual highlining festival on the Chief. I totally get the intimidation factor. Si raccomanda di essere in grado di camminare una linea di almeno 50 metri a livello terra. He knew he was too distracted to give it his full attention. Light, durable, smooth and easy to climb, trust in SlacklifeBC threaded leashes! High quality and ISA - International Slackline Association - certified highline equipment. " The post stressed that forgetting to tie into a leash is the number one cause of death in highlining. Terakhir diubah: 2023-12-16 10:21. Find the best gear for highlining, including Rollex carabiners, Vortex leash rings, forged rings, leash ropes, harnesses, and more. To walk all the way across the line without falling. 19K subscribers in the Slackline community. Highlining is slacklining at an elevation above the ground or water. The Alpine Weblocks, soft release, Wafer line grip, and Boss pulley set make tensioning and de-tensioning any line easy and smooth. Il suffit d'enfiler le leash dans notre VORTEX, de le clipser dans votre installation de highline déjà tendue et de suivre le manuel pour faire le nœud correctement et le verrouiller en toute sécurité. A blog format is easy to read, easy to update, and easy to translate. all this and more leash, and swinging back onto the line have to be mastered. Send. Even now at the age of 36 I can rage harder than ever before, train almost every day, invent new tricks, take crazy leash falls. Climbing the leash is pretty easy and basically a non-issue for everyone. Highlining jest spacerem w przestrzeni, gdzie slackliner zwany tu również highlinerem jest zabezpieczony przed upadkiem z wysokości na ziemię. As you can imagine, the experience of being on a slackline at a deathly height provides an adrenaline rush of note. 2kn (5000lbs) The medium rings, when doubled-up are excellent for highline leash rings. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Or maybe you just need some coaching to learn how to sit, stand up and take a step! Either way, a beginner highline is a great way to safely enter the Highline world. Diamètre intérieur 60 mm et LEASH - the rope with safety ring for HIGHLINING. Minimal leash length generates less force in a fall. leashring: Slackinov Vortex 2rope: Liros Racer Hybrid (6mm / MBS 29kN)- core = Dyneema- sheath = 50% Technora / 50% Polyesterswivel: Petzl Micro Swivel Nov 13, 2021 · The highliner is attached to the main and backup webbing by a leash connected to a personal harness. If I fall, my leash will catch me and I can just climb back up and remount the line. May 18, 2025 · The post stressed that forgetting to tie into a leash is the number one cause of death in highlining. Also not advised. C. The most common cause of death is from the leash attached to the slackline not being tied to the user’s harness. To learn the tricks we recommend a highline of 50-85m length. Combined with an individually tested leash ring. 5 days ago · A 22-year-old UBC grad died while highlining near Squamish after forgetting to re-tie her leash. 4. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the sport May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. They rigged six lines in two gullies. Jun 29, 2022 · VORTEX "Un anneau pour les gouverner tous!" VORTEX est le premier connecteur clip and go de leash et highline. Available in a variety of sizes and strengths to meet your needs Medium: 2 5/16" 22. Given these numbers, highlining represents a low risk of serious injury or death, especially compared with other outdoor sports (mountain biking, for example). An ideal highline anchor will have no movement even during a leash fall. Featured Products. Aug 19, 2015 · On 2 nd August 2015, Co-Founder of SlacklifeBC Spencer Seabrooke set a new free solo highlining world record. The principle of rigging a highline is that all elements of the system are redundant so in case of one component failing the whole setup won’t fail. There is no doubt that this was the most intense experience of my life so far. Please read the description on the first pages carefully, they also contain e. Please be aware that highlining can be a dangerous activity if done LEASH - the rope with safety ring for HIGHLINING. Material redundancy: Always double your gear and, if you can supplement it with unused items. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Also, shorten your leash so that it's just longer than your legs. Highlining is the practice of slacklining at heights of around minimum 30 m off the ground, secured with a climbing harness and a safety rope ( leash). After just a few months walking highlines with a safety rope attached, Dickey felt able to ditch the restrictions and wobble across canyons with no leash. Jul 20, 2023 · Move the whole arrangement so that the webbing crosses a canyon, or stretches from one rock spire to another, or spans between high points on human infrastructure, from dozens to thousands of feet high — that’s highlining. 25T Bolt-pin safety shackle : Connection to sewn loops: 8 x Quicklinks : Anchor Connection Points: 100m x 3mm Cord : Tag line cord Feb 29, 2024 · Highlining: Yüksek bir yerde gerilen ve ekstra güvenlik önlemleri gerektiren slackline türüdür. May 21, 2025 · The International Slackline Association says a fatal fall near Squamish, B. You can choose different ring materials, between steel and forged aluminum and also find the diameter that best suits your highline practise and preferences. May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it's important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Jan 11, 2025 · Highlining – an extreme sport akin to tightrope walking everyone gets a buddy check before they practise to make sure their harness and leash, which are attached to the highline and will May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Highlining is a branch of slackline that is practiced at great heights, between mountains, buildings, bridges or whatever. Combine our highline products to create your own lightweight tensioning kit. 2024 Pengarang: Nora Macey | [email protected]. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Video: How to Pad Your Highlining Leash Rings 2024, November. Ratchet Kits Weekend Warrior Kit $140 May 21, 2025 · The association says forgetting to tie into the leash is the leading cause of death in highlining, and it’s important for slack-liners to give buddy checks at anchor points whenever possible. Recomendamos que o praticante atravesse uma linha a no mínimo 50 metros do chão. Ce leash est réalisée avec une corde dynamique QUASAR 9. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Recomenda-se técnicas sólidas no slackline como a „subida-Chongo‘‘, escalar a solteira (leash) de volta e virar para cima da linha. In their highline classes they take the most recent findings into account. 9mm dynamic climbing rope threaded through tubular webbing, SlacklifeBC threaded leash kits will keep you safe fall after fall without question. Explore our ultimate guide to highlining, covering essential gear, techniques, and top locations. The post stressed that forgetting to tie into a leash is the number one cause of death in highlining. May 17, 2025 · Friday’s accident was the first recorded highlining death in North America. This is a specialised, less commonly attempted discipline of highlining, known as free soloing. There have been no known highline deaths of uninvolved third parties. By using this highline ticklist, you can progress step by step. Since the slack (“sag”) in highlining is not as limiting as in longlining over ground, most highlines are much less biased and this leads to lower forces than you would like. Prefer highlining on low tension webbing? Use a ROLLEX and LINEGRIP for a compact tensioning system. I don't usually travel somewhere specially to do it, it's just something that happens when the line is perfect and you're in a good spot. In order to achieve that, you need to have strong anchor points. May 21, 2025 · After finishing, she rolled onto the line with a highline roller but forgot to re-tie her leash, resulting in a fatal fall of 80 m high, 30 m out from the anchor. Threaded Leash Rope : Combined with 44kN forged ring to make a leash: 5/8″ 3. May 23, 2024 · Faith Dickey, highlining standout and guide, crosses a divide at Day Canyon, near Moab, Utah. Our courses are A-Z content in blog format, glued together with an overarching blog we call a textbook. In einigen Kulturen wird Highlining als spirituelle Praxis angesehen. Slack-lining involves walking across a piece of webbing stretched between two anchor points, most often trees, while high-lining is a version of the Oct 29, 2017 · With this walk I beat my own previous Free Solo highline world record of 72m length by another 38m, which is a huge leap in highlining without a safety leash. nowwxvoi xczu vznhpq bfbxl vkvjau eeue ipbmm lvax vkk owtibp